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1.
Asian Journal of Andrology ; (6): 192-197, 2023.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-971025

ABSTRACT

Reprogramming of metabolism is a hallmark of tumors, which has been explored for therapeutic purposes. Prostate cancer (PCa), particularly advanced and therapy-resistant PCa, displays unique metabolic properties. Targeting metabolic vulnerabilities in PCa may benefit patients who have exhausted currently available treatment options and improve clinical outcomes. Among the many nutrients, glutamine has been shown to play a central role in the metabolic reprogramming of advanced PCa. In addition to amino acid metabolism, glutamine is also widely involved in the synthesis of other macromolecules and biomasses. Targeting glutamine metabolic network by maximally inhibiting glutamine utilization in tumor cells may significantly add to treatment options for many patients. This review summarizes the metabolic landscape of PCa, with a particular focus on recent studies of how glutamine metabolism alterations affect therapeutic resistance and disease progression of PCa, and suggests novel therapeutic strategies.


Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Glutamine/therapeutic use , Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy
2.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 28(2): 69-74, abr./jun. 2021. il.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1366839

ABSTRACT

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da nutrição parenteral total ou enteral, associadas ou não à glutamina, sobre a motilidade gastrintestinal em equinos submetidos à inanição e realimentação. Foram utilizados 16 equinos adultos hígidos, sem raça definida, de ambos os sexos, quatro machos e 12 fêmeas, com idade variando entre quatro e 14 anos e peso corporal médio de 248,40 + 2,28 kg, divididos em quatro grupos, quatro animais por grupo: Grupo I (ENTGL): fluidoterapia enteral com eletrólitos associada a glutamina; Grupo II (PARGL): Nutrição parenteral total (NPT) associada a glutamina; Grupo III (ENTFL): fluidoterapia enteral com eletrólitos; Grupo IV (PARFL): fluidoterapia parenteral. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, em um esquema fatorial 4x12 (grupos x tempo de colheita), para cada fase, e suas médias comparadas pelo teste de Duncan ao nível de 5% de significância. Independente do grupo experimental ocorreu redução da motilidade gastrintestinal durante a fase de inanição, mais pronunciada nos grupos PARGL e PARFL. Uma vez restabelecida a alimentação a motilidade gastrintestinal retornou à normalidade.


This study aimed to evaluate the effects of enteral or total parenteral nutrition, associated or not with glutamine, on gastrointestinal motility in horses subjected to starvation and refeeding. 16 healthy, mixed-breed adult horses of both sexes, four geldings and 12 mares, with ages ranging from four to 14 years and an average body weight of 248.40 + 2.28 kg, were divided into four groups, four animals per group: Group I (ENTGL): enteral fluid therapy with electrolytes associated with glutamine; Group II (PARGL): total parenteral nutrition (TPN) associated with glutamine; Group III (ENTFL): enteral fluid therapy with electrolytes; Group IV (PARFL): parenteral fluid therapy. The experimental design was entirely randomized, in a 4x12 factorial scheme (groups x harvest time), for each phase, and their means compared by the Duncan test at the level of 5% significance. Regardless of the experimental group, there was a reduction in gastrointestinal motility during the starvation phase, which was more pronounced in the PARGL and PARFL groups. Once the food was restored, gastrointestinal motility returned to normal.


Subject(s)
Animals , Enteral Nutrition/veterinary , Parenteral Nutrition, Total/veterinary , Gastrointestinal Motility , Horses , Starvation/veterinary , Glutamine/therapeutic use
3.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 37(9): 977-983, Sept. 2017. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-895529

ABSTRACT

Recently, glutamine and ß-glucan have been demonstrated to play an important role in modulation of the immune system and in promoting intestinal health benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of this intervention on inflammatory responses and intestinal health in mice orally pretreated with soluble Saccharomyces cerevisiae derived 1,3/1,6-ß-glucan (80mg/kg) with or without glutamine (150mg/kg) and then challenged with cytarabine (Ara-C) (15mg/kg). Improvements in villi and crypts were not observed in the ß-glucan group. The intestinal morphometry in the glutamine group showed the best results. ß-glucan in combination with glutamine presented the highest values of IL-1ß and IL-10 and lowest values for leukocytes and INF-γ. Based on these results, combined ß-glucan and glutamine pretreatment reduced intestinal inflammation and improved the immune response after Ara-C challenge.(AU)


Recentemente, glutamina e ß-glucano têm demonstrado desempenhar um papel importante na modulação do sistema imune e na promoção de benefícios para a saúde intestinal. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito dessa intervenção sobre as respostas inflamatórias e saúde intestinal de camundongos pré- tratados por via oral com 1,3/1,6-ß-glucano (80mg/kg) derivado de Saccharomyces cerevisiae com ou sem glutamina (150mg/kg) e posteriormente desafiados com citarabina (Ara-C) (15mg/kg). Melhoras em vilosidades e criptas não foram observadas no grupo de tratamento com ß-glucano. A morfometria intestinal no grupo de tratamento com glutamina apresentou os melhores resultados. O grupo em que foi utilizado ß-glucano em combinação com glutamina apresentou os maiores valores de IL-1ß e IL -10 e valores mais baixos para os leucócitos e INF-γ. Com base nestes resultados, o pré-tratamento de ß-glucano combinado com glutamina reduziu a inflamação intestinal e melhorou a resposta imune após o desafio com Ara-C.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Cytarabine , beta-Glucans/therapeutic use , Glutamine/therapeutic use , Immune System/drug effects , Intestinal Mucosa
4.
Nutrire Rev. Soc. Bras. Aliment. Nutr ; 41: 1-10, Dec. 2016. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-880562

ABSTRACT

This article aims to review glutamine metabolism and its effects on the immune response. Selected topics are addressed, particularly the effect of glutamine on cell survival and proliferation, as well as its importance in some biochemical pathways. The impact of glutamine on muscle, intestine, and liver metabolism are described, and a special section about glutamine regulation of the immune response is included. In this context, the modulation of glutamine on relevant signaling pathways as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and heat shock protein and the influence of this amino acid on cell migration and adhesion molecules are highlighted. Some important immune response pathways modulated by glutamine were described as its action incritically ill patients. In summary, this review describes some important actions of glutamine, and a range of reactions and modulatory effects in different organs, which may inform new therapeutic strategies. However, further studies are necessary to provide information about glutamine use, especially about situations in which it can be better used as well as fine-tuning dose and administration.


Subject(s)
Animals , Guinea Pigs , Mice , Rats , Glutamine/metabolism , Glutamine/therapeutic use , NF-kappa B , Adjuvants, Immunologic , Liver/metabolism
5.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 35(7): 691-699, jul. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-766200

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phytogenic additives and glutamine plus glutamic acid, associated or not, on histomorphometry of bursa of Fabricius and small intestine, oocyst count and lesion scores, and carbon turnover of duodenal mucosa of broiler chickens infected with Eimeria acervulina. A total of 450 male broiler chickens was distributed into a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. Treatments consisted of control diet (CD); CD + coccidiosis vaccine; CD + antibiotic performance enhancers and anticoccidial (APE/AC); CD + glutamine and glutamic acid (Gln/Glu); CD + phytogenic additives (PA); CD + Gln/Glu + PA. Birds on treatment CD + vaccine were vaccinated via drinking water at three days of age against coccidiosis. At 16 days of age all birds of all treatments were inoculated orally and individually with 500,000 oocysts of Eimeria acervulina. There was no treatment effect on lesion score in the intestinal epithelium of birds. The smaller number of excreted oocysts was observed in groups of birds fed diets containing APE/AC and PA. Were observed better results of villus height and crypt depth for duodenum and ileum of birds of treatments containing Gln/Glu at 7 days of age, and Gln/Glu and PA at 21 days of age. Higher percentage of cortical area from bursa follicles was observed in birds fed diets supplemented with Gln/Glu and PA at 7, 14 and 21 days of age. Increased turnover of intestinal mucosa was observed in treatments containing Gln/Glu, indicating acceleration in development and regeneration of damaged tissue. Glutamine plus glutamic acid and phytogenic additives can provide improvements to structure, and thus to intestinal function, as well as to better immune response against the infectious challenges. Phytogenic additives can be used for coccidiosis control of broiler chickens where the use of antibiotic performance enhancers and anticoccidials is prohibited...


O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos aditivos fitogênicos e da glutamina mais ácido glutâmico, associados ou não, sobre a histomorfometria da Bursa de Fabricius e intestino delgado, sobre contagem de oocistos e escores de lesão e sobre o turnover do carbono da mucosa intestinal de frangos de corte experimentalmente infectadas com Eimeria acervulina. Para isso foram utilizados 450 pintos de corte machos distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualisado, com seis tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de dieta controle (DC); DC + Vacina de coccidiose; DC + antibióticos melhoradores de desempenho e anticoccidiano (AMD/AC); DC + glutamina e ácido glutâmico (Gln/Glu); DC + sditivos fitogênicos (AFs); DC + Gln/Glu + AFs. As aves do tratamento DC + Vacina foram vacinadas via água de bebida, aos três dias de idade, contra coccidiose. Aos 16 dias de idade todas as aves de todos os tratamentos foram inoculadas oralmente e individualmente com 500.000 oocistos de Eimeria acervulina. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos para escore de lesão no epitélio intestinal das aves. O menor número de oocistos excretados foi observado nos grupos de aves alimentadas com dieta contendo AMD/AC e AFs. Foram observados melhores resultados para altura das vilosidades e profundidade das criptas do duodeno e ílio das aves dos tratamentos contendo Gln/Glu, aos 7 dias de idade e Gln/Glu e AFs aos 21 dias de idade. Maior porcentagem de área cortical dos folículos bursais foi observada em aves alimentadas com dieta suplementada com Gln/Glu e AFs aos 7, 14 e 21 dias de idade. Maior turnover da mucosa intestinal foi observada em aves dos tratamentos contendo Gln/Glu, indicando aceleração do desenvolvimento e regeneração do tecido lesado. Glutamina mais ácido glutâmico e aditivos fitogênicos podem oferecer melhorias à estrutura e, consequentemente, à função do intestino, bem como melhores condições para resposta imune frente à desafios infecciosos...


Subject(s)
Animals , Glutamic Acid/therapeutic use , Bursa of Fabricius/anatomy & histology , Galliformes/microbiology , Glutamine/therapeutic use , Parasite Egg Count/veterinary , Eimeria/parasitology , Intestine, Small/microbiology , Intestinal Mucosa/injuries
6.
Bauru; s.n; 2015. 94 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-867435

ABSTRACT

Neste estudo avaliou-se a ação do gel de Plaquetas e da Glutamina no processo de cicatrização de lesões bucais causadas por mucosite induzida por quimioterapia em ratos Wistar. Foram utilizados 50 animais divididos em 05 grupos: um Grupo A (Gel de Plaquetas), Grupo B (Glutamina tópica), Grupo C (Glutamina gavagem), Grupo D (Glutamina + Gel de plaquetas) e Grupo E (controle +). A partir do 7o dia após a quimioterapia, avaliou-se os graus de mucosite e iniciou-se a aplicação dos medicamentos propostos para cada grupo. O sacrifício dos animais ocorreu em 5 e 10 dias após o início de aplicação dos medicamentos. Foram realizadas as biópsias da mucosa jugal e língua para análise do exame histopatológico onde se avaliou a quantidade de macrófagos, linfócitos e queratinização. Os graus de mucosite desenvolvidos na 1a e 2a fase do experimento apresentaram variação numérica importante, mas sem diferenças estatísticas significantes. Na análise histológica, resultados estatisticamente significativos foram obtidos (Fase 1) para linfócitos em mucosa jugal, onde o grupo B (glutamina) foi maior que o do grupo D (gel de plaquetas + glutamina) (p = 0,032); os linfócitos em língua do grupo A (gel de plaquetas) (p = 0,000) foi superior quando comparado com todos os outros grupos. A queratinização em mucosa jugal no grupo D (Fase 1) apresentou resultados significativamente superiores quando comparada com a queratinização dos demais grupos. A queratinização em língua no grupo D apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p = 0,000) e maior em relação aos outros grupos. Na fase 2, os macrófagos em língua tiveram resultados significantes entre os grupos A e C (p = 0,031) e A e E (p = 0,006), onde A foi maior. Diante dos resultados encontrados, concluiu-se que os biocurativos utilizados neste estudo promoveram uma maior reação inflamatória no conjuntivo e maior queratinização no epitélio. Entretanto, clinicamente, nas lesões observadas, o tempo de cicatrização foi...


Among bio-curatives there are those derived from the addition "in vitro" of thrombin and calcium gluconate to the platelet rich human plasma that stimulate its degranulation to releasing of growth factors acting on the healing process. Glutamine is the amino acid present in plasma and muscle tissue being considered an important energetic source for the immune system cells. Mucositis is a denomination for the changes that occur in the oral mucosa, mainly due to the cancer treatments. In this study, the action of platelet gel and Glutamine was evaluated in the oral lesions healing process caused by mucositis induced by chemotherapy in Wistar rats. 50 animals divided into 05 groups were used: A Group (Platelet Gel), B Group (Topical glutamine), C Group (Glutamine gavage), D Group (Glutamine + Platelet Gel) and E Group (control +). From the 7th day after chemotherapy, the degree of mucositis was evaluated and the proposed drug application began for each group. The animal sacrifice occurred within 5 to 10 days after the medicine application beginning. Jugal and tongue mucosa biopsies for histopathological examination analysis were carried out which evaluated the macrophages amount, lymphocytes and keratinization. The mucositis degrees developed in the 1st and 2nd phase of the experiment showed important numerical variation, but without meaningful statistical differences. In the histological analysis, statistically meaningful results were obtained (Phase 1) for lymphocytes in the jugal mucosa where the B group (glutamine) was higher than D group (platelet gel + glutamine) (p = 0,032); lymphocytes in tongue in A group (platelet gel) (p = 0,000) was higher when compared to all other groups. Keratinization in the jugal mucosa in D group (Phase 1), showed meaningfully superior results when compared to the keratinization of the other groups. The Keratinization in tongue in D group showed meaningful statistical differences (p = 0,000) and higher compared to the other...


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Stomatitis/chemically induced , Stomatitis/drug therapy , Glutamine/pharmacology , Mouth Mucosa , Platelet-Rich Plasma , Wound Healing , Gels , Glutamine/therapeutic use , Mouth Mucosa/pathology , Rats, Wistar , Reproducibility of Results
7.
Bauru; s.n; 2015. 94 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-794233

ABSTRACT

Neste estudo avaliou-se a ação do gel de Plaquetas e da Glutamina no processo de cicatrização de lesões bucais causadas por mucosite induzida por quimioterapia em ratos Wistar. Foram utilizados 50 animais divididos em 05 grupos: um Grupo A (Gel de Plaquetas), Grupo B (Glutamina tópica), Grupo C (Glutamina gavagem), Grupo D (Glutamina + Gel de plaquetas) e Grupo E (controle +). A partir do 7o dia após a quimioterapia, avaliou-se os graus de mucosite e iniciou-se a aplicação dos medicamentos propostos para cada grupo. O sacrifício dos animais ocorreu em 5 e 10 dias após o início de aplicação dos medicamentos. Foram realizadas as biópsias da mucosa jugal e língua para análise do exame histopatológico onde se avaliou a quantidade de macrófagos, linfócitos e queratinização. Os graus de mucosite desenvolvidos na 1a e 2a fase do experimento apresentaram variação numérica importante, mas sem diferenças estatísticas significantes. Na análise histológica, resultados estatisticamente significativos foram obtidos (Fase 1) para linfócitos em mucosa jugal, onde o grupo B (glutamina) foi maior que o do grupo D (gel de plaquetas + glutamina) (p = 0,032); os linfócitos em língua do grupo A (gel de plaquetas) (p = 0,000) foi superior quando comparado com todos os outros grupos. A queratinização em mucosa jugal no grupo D (Fase 1) apresentou resultados significativamente superiores quando comparada com a queratinização dos demais grupos. A queratinização em língua no grupo D apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p = 0,000) e maior em relação aos outros grupos. Na fase 2, os macrófagos em língua tiveram resultados significantes entre os grupos A e C (p = 0,031) e A e E (p = 0,006), onde A foi maior. Diante dos resultados encontrados, concluiu-se que os biocurativos utilizados neste estudo promoveram uma maior reação inflamatória no conjuntivo e maior queratinização no epitélio. Entretanto, clinicamente, nas lesões observadas, o tempo de cicatrização foi...


Among bio-curatives there are those derived from the addition "in vitro" of thrombin and calcium gluconate to the platelet rich human plasma that stimulate its degranulation to releasing of growth factors acting on the healing process. Glutamine is the amino acid present in plasma and muscle tissue being considered an important energetic source for the immune system cells. Mucositis is a denomination for the changes that occur in the oral mucosa, mainly due to the cancer treatments. In this study, the action of platelet gel and Glutamine was evaluated in the oral lesions healing process caused by mucositis induced by chemotherapy in Wistar rats. 50 animals divided into 05 groups were used: A Group (Platelet Gel), B Group (Topical glutamine), C Group (Glutamine gavage), D Group (Glutamine + Platelet Gel) and E Group (control +). From the 7th day after chemotherapy, the degree of mucositis was evaluated and the proposed drug application began for each group. The animal sacrifice occurred within 5 to 10 days after the medicine application beginning. Jugal and tongue mucosa biopsies for histopathological examination analysis were carried out which evaluated the macrophages amount, lymphocytes and keratinization. The mucositis degrees developed in the 1st and 2nd phase of the experiment showed important numerical variation, but without meaningful statistical differences. In the histological analysis, statistically meaningful results were obtained (Phase 1) for lymphocytes in the jugal mucosa where the B group (glutamine) was higher than D group (platelet gel + glutamine) (p = 0,032); lymphocytes in tongue in A group (platelet gel) (p = 0,000) was higher when compared to all other groups. Keratinization in the jugal mucosa in D group (Phase 1), showed meaningfully superior results when compared to the keratinization of the other groups. The Keratinization in tongue in D group showed meaningful statistical differences (p = 0,000) and higher compared to the other...


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Stomatitis/chemically induced , Stomatitis/drug therapy , Glutamine/pharmacology , Mouth Mucosa , Platelet-Rich Plasma , Wound Healing , Gels , Glutamine/therapeutic use , Mouth Mucosa/pathology , Rats, Wistar , Reproducibility of Results
8.
J. bras. med ; 102(1)jan.-fev. 2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-712208

ABSTRACT

A síndrome de fadiga crônica (SFC) é uma condição clínica que, apesar de muito prevalente, tem tratamento controverso. A suplementação com substratos como glutamina e vitaminas pode atuar como adjuvante terapêutico. Os autores descrevem um medicamento que pode atender essa finalidade, composto por glutamina 200mg, glutamato de cálcio 250mg, cloridrato de piridoxina 20mg e fosfato de ditetraetilamônio 6mg. São descritas também as ações de cada um dos componentes, e como podem auxiliar na terapêutica da SFC e em períodos de convalescença em diversas condições.


The chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a clinical condition which, although highly prevalent, treatment is controversial and supplementation of substrates such as glutamine and vitamins can act as therapeutic adjuvant. A drug composition that can serve this purpose, the composition is glutamine 200mg, 250mg calcium glutamate, 20mg pyridoxine hydrochloride and phosphate ditetraetilammonium 6mg is described. Also described the actions of each component and how they can assist in the treatment of CFS and in periods of convalescence from various other conditions described.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/diet therapy , Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/therapy , Convalescence , Dietary Vitamins , Glutamates/therapeutic use , Glutamine/therapeutic use , Minerals/therapeutic use , Pyridoxine/therapeutic use , Dietary Supplements , Tetraethylammonium/therapeutic use
10.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2013. 69 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-713750

ABSTRACT

A radioterapia é frequentemente utilizada no tratamento de tumores da próstata, porém durante esse procedimento a bexiga sadia usualmente sofre efeitos colaterais. Através do uso de um modelo animal para irradiação pélvica, avaliamos se a suplementação nutricional com L-glutamina poderia prevenir possíveis danos na parede da bexiga, especialmente em suas camadas mais superficiais. Ratos Wistar adultos machos com idade entre 3 e 4 meses foram separados em grupos de 8 animais: grupo controle que não recebeu a irradiação; grupos somente irradiados que foram mortos 7 (R7) e 15 dias (R15) após a irradiação (dose única de 10 Gy na região pélvico-abdominal); grupos irradiados e suplementados com L-glutamina (0,65g/kg de peso por dia), que foram mortos 7 (RG7) ou 15 após a irradiação. Células e vasos sanguíneos da lâmina própria, bem como o urotélio, foram avaliados com métodos histológicos. No urotélio foram feitas análises da altura e densidade nuclear e na lâmina própria densidade celular, densidade vascular e o número de mastócitos. Os resultados mostraram que em R7, a altura e densidade nuclear do urotélio e a densidade celular da lâmina própria não foram alterados significativamente. Entretanto a densidade dos vasos sanguíneos foi reduzida em 48% (p<0,05) e essa alteração foi evitada pela glutamina (p <0,02). No grupo R15, a densidade celular do epitélio aumentou em 35% (p<0,02). A densidade celular da lâmina própria não apresentou diferença estatística entre os grupos. Os mastócitos na lâmina própria foram reduzidos em R7 e R15. Apesar de ainda reduzidos em RG7 em RG15 houve aumento no número desse tipo celular o que sugere uma ação positiva da glutamina. Células α-actina positivas na lâmina própria formam uma camada suburotelial e foram identificadas como miofibroblastos. A espessura dessa camada aumentou em R7, mas foi semelhante ao controle em RG7, enquanto alterações em R15 e RG15 foram menos evidentes. Esses resultados mostraram que a utilização ...


Radiotherapy is often used to treat prostate tumors, but the normal bladder is usually adversely affected. Using an animal model of pelvic radiation, we investigated whether glutamine nutritional supplementation can prevent radiation-induced damage to the bladder, especially in its more superficial layers. Male rats aged 3 to 4 months were divided into groups of 8 animals each: controls, which consisted intact animals; radiated-only rats, which were sacrificed 7 (R7) or 15 (R15) days after a radiation session (10 Gy aimed at the pelvico-abdominal region); and radiated rats receiving L-glutamine supplementation (0.65 g/kg body weight/day), which were sacrificed 7 (RG7) or 15 (RG15) days after the radiation session. Morphological and morphometric analysis of the urothelium were made. Nuclear density, lamina propria cell density and mast cells numbers per area were counted. The results showed that, in R7, epithelial thickness, epithelial cell density, and cell density in the lamina propria were not significantly affected. However, density of blood vessels in R7 was reduced by 48% (p < 0.05) and this alteration was mostly prevented by glutamine (p < 0.02). In R15, density of blood vessels in the lamina propria was not significantly modified. However, epithelial thickness was reduced by 25% (p < 0.05) in R15, and this effect was prevented by glutamine (p < 0.01). In R15, epithelial cell density was increased by 35% (p < 0.02), but glutamine did not protect against this radiation-induced increase. Cell density in the lamina propria was likewise unaffected in R15. Density of mast cells in the lamina propria was markedly reduced in R7 and R15. The density was still reduced in RG7, but a higher density in RG15 suggested a glutamine-mediated recovery. Alpha-actin positive cells in the lamina propria formed a suburothelial layer and were identified as myofibroblasts. Thickness of this layer was increased in R7, but was similar to controls in RG7, while changes in R15 ...


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Urinary Bladder , Glutamine/therapeutic use , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/prevention & control , Urinary Bladder/radiation effects , Dietary Supplements , Glutamine/pharmacology , Myofibroblasts , Myofibroblasts/radiation effects , Rats, Wistar , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Urothelium , Urothelium/radiation effects
11.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 39(6): 449-455, nov.-dez. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-662771

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: investigar se a abreviação do jejum pré-operatório com uma bebida contendo glutamina e dextrinomaltose melhora a resposta orgânica ao trauma cirúrgico. MÉTODOS: trinta e seis pacientes adultas, (18-62 anos) candidatas à colecistectomia videolaparoscópica eletiva foram aleatoriamente divididas em três grupos: grupo jejum convencional (grupo Jejum), ou em dois grupos para receber duas dietas diferentes, oito horas (400ml) e duas horas antes da indução anestésica (200ml): grupo carboidrato (12,5% de dextrinomaltose) e glutamina (12,5% de dextrinomaltose e, respectivamente, 40 e 10g de glutamina). As amostras de sangue foram coletadas no período pré e pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: vinte e oito pacientes completaram o estudo. Nenhuma complicação pulmonar ocorreu durante o estudo. O volume residual gástrico foi similar entre os grupos (p=0,95). No pós-operatório, todas as pacientes do grupo jejum apresentaram glicemia anormal (>110mg/dl), sendo essa anormalidade 50% para o grupo CHO (p=0,14) e, apenas, 22,2% para o grupo GLN (p=0,01). No pós-operatório, todas as pacientes que abreviaram o jejum (grupo CHO + GLN) apresentaram insulinemia normal, contrastando com 66,7% no grupo jejum (p=0,02). A sensibilidade anormal à insulina subiu no pós-operatório de 32,1% para 46,4% dos casos (p=0,24). A sensibilidade anormal à insulina, no pós-operatório, ocorreu em apenas 11,1% das pacientes do grupo GLN comparado com 55,5% do grupo jejum (p=0,02). CONCLUSÃO: a abreviação do jejum pré-operatório para duas horas com glutamina e dextrinomaltose melhora a sensibilidade à insulina de pacientes submetidas à colecistectomia videolaparoscópica eletiva.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the abbreviation of preoperative fasting with a drink containing glutamine and dextrinomaltose improves organic response to surgical trauma. METHODS: Thirty-six female patients adult (18-62 years) candidates for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly divided into three groups: conventional fasting (fasting group), and two groups receiving two different diets, eight hours (400ml) and two hours before induction of anesthesia (200ml): carbohydrate (CHO) group (12.5% dextrinomaltose) and the glutamine (GLN) group (12.5% dextrinomaltose and 40 and 10g of glutamine, respectively). Blood samples were collected pre and postoperatively. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients completed the study. No pulmonary complication occurred. Gastric residual volume was similar between groups (p = 0.95). Postoperatively, all patients from the fasting group had abnormal glucose (> 110mg/dl), this abnormality being of 50% when compared to the CHO group (p = 0.14), and of 22.2% when compared to the GLN group (p = 0.01). All patients who had the fasting period shortened (CHO + GLN) had normal postoperative insulin, contrasting with 66.7% in the fasted group (p = 0.02). The abnormal sensitivity to insulin postoperatively rose from 32.1% to 46.4% of cases (p = 0.24), and it occurred in only 11.1% of patients in GLN group when compared to 55.5% in the fasting group (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: the abbreviation of preoperative fasting for two hours with dextrinomaltose and glutamine improves insulin sensitivity in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Glutamine/therapeutic use , Insulin Resistance , Preoperative Care , Polysaccharides/therapeutic use , Double-Blind Method , Prospective Studies , Time Factors
12.
Acta cir. bras ; 26(6): 445-450, Nov.-Dec. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-604192

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the protective effects of glutamine administered before renal ischemia-reperfusion on plasma antioxidant protection, and lung and renal tissue injury. METHODS: 33 rats underwent right nephrectomy. On the eighth postoperative day, animals were randomized into three groups (n=11): glutamine, control and sham. Each group of animals received, by gavage, a particular diet for 7 days. On day 14 following nephrectomy, the animals were subjected to left renal ischemia-reperfusion. After this, blood samples were collected and the animals were killed. At necropsy the kidney and lung were removed for histology. RESULTS: The levels of total antioxidant capacity were higher in the glutamine group and control group compared with the sham group. The levels of glutathione peroxidase in both the sham and glutamine groups were higher when compared with the control group (p<0.05). The level of superoxide dismutase in the sham group was clearly higher than that in the glutamine and control groups. Histological examination showed no differences between the three groups. CONCLUSION: Prior intake of glutamine improves total antioxidant capacity and increases glutathione peroxidase levels in rats subjected to renal ischemia-reperfusion.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos na proteção antioxidante plasmática e na lesão tecidual renal e pulmonar da glutamina oral administrada precedendo a isquemia/ reperfusão renal. MÉTODOS: Trinta e três ratos foram submetidos à nefrectomia à direita. No oitavo dia de pós-operatório, os animais foram randomizados em três grupos (n=11): glutamina, controle e sham. Cada grupo de animal recebeu por gavagem uma dieta distinta por sete dias. Ao final do 14º dia da nefrectomia procedeu-se a isquemia renal esquerda e posterior reperfusão. A seguir procedeu-se a coleta de sangue, eutanásia e retirada do rim e pulmões para análise histológica. RESULTADOS: Os níveis de capacidade antioxidante total foram maiores no grupo glutamina e grupo controle em relação ao grupo sham. Os níveis de glutationa peroxidase nos grupos sham e glutamina foram mais elevados quando comparados com o grupo controle (p<0,05). A dosagem de superóxido dismutase foi maior no grupo sham quando comparado com os grupos glutamina e controle. Não houve diferença na análise histológica do rim e pulmão entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de glutamina antecedendo a isquemia reperfusão renal melhora os níveis da capacidade antioxidante total e eleva a glutationa peroxidase em ratos submetidos a isquemia-reperfusão renal.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Glutamine/therapeutic use , Kidney/blood supply , Lung Injury/drug therapy , Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy , Biomarkers/blood , Creatinine/blood , Glutathione Peroxidase/blood , Kidney/pathology , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood , Lung Injury/blood , Lung Injury/pathology , Lung/pathology , Nephrectomy , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Reperfusion Injury/blood , Reperfusion Injury/pathology , Superoxide Dismutase/blood
13.
DST j. bras. doenças sex. transm ; 23(3): 146-148, 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-613343

ABSTRACT

A suplementação dietética de fibras solúveis e L-glutamina tem mostrado efeitos benéficos na diarreia crônica refratária relacionada à aids. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o efeito dessa suplementação em paciente com diarreia refratária associada à síndrome consumptiva do HIV/aids. A terapia nutricional enteral acrescida de L-glutamina e fibra solúvel mostrou-se eficaz no controle da diarreia, provavelmente por auxiliar no reparo da mucosa colônica,favorecendo a rápida recuperação intestinal. O resultado positivo alcançado sugere um novo protocolo coadjuvante no tratamento da diarreia crônica refratária nesses indivíduos.


Dietary supplementation of soluble fiber and L-glutamine has shown beneficial effects in refractory chronical diarrhea associated with aids. The aim of thisstudy was to report the effect of supplementation in patients with refractory diarrhea associated with wasting of HIV/aids. Enteral nutritional therapy associated with L-glutamine and soluble fiber has been effective in controlling diarrhea, probably because of its assistance in the repair of the colonic mucosa, favoring the rapid intestinal recovery. The positive result achieved suggests a new protocol support in the treatment of refractory chronical diarrhea in these individuals.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Dietary Fiber , HIV , Enteral Nutrition , Diarrhea/therapy , Glutamine/therapeutic use
14.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 139(3): 373-381, mar. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597629

ABSTRACT

One ofthe most common and troublesome complications ofmodern intensive anticancer treatments is oral mucositis. The purpose ofthis review is to summarize current evidente and clinical guidelines regarding its prevention and therapy. The use of keratinocyte growth factor-1, supplementary glutamine and other recently developed treatment modalities are discussed. The injury ofthe oral mucosa caused by antineoplastic agents promotes the local expression of múltiple pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic molecules and eventually leads to the development of ulcers. Such lesions predispose patients to several infectious and nutritional complications. Also, they lead to modification of treatment schedules, potentially affecting overall prognosis. Local cryotherapy with ice chips and phototherapy with low energy láser may be useful as preventive measures. Mouthwashes with allopurinol and phototherapy with low energy láser can be used as treatment. In radiotherapy, special radiation administration techniques should be used to minimize mucosal injury. Pain control should always be optimized, with the use ofpatient controlled analgesia and topical use of morphine. Supplemental glutamine should not be used outside of research protocols. Lastly, thorough attention should bepaid to general care and hygiene measures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Stomatitis/therapy , Cryotherapy , Glutamine/therapeutic use , Low-Level Light Therapy , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Oral Hygiene , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Severity of Illness Index , Stomatitis/chemically induced , Stomatitis/prevention & control
15.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2011. 68 p. ilus, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-619453

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o possível efeito protetor da L-glutamina e da L-arginina sobre a próstata ventral de ratos quando administradas por gavagem. Procurou-se simular as condições clinicas de pacientes submetidos à radioterapia pélvica tendo como órgão alvo outro órgão pélvico que não a próstata. Foram analisados os efeitos desta irradiação sobre a próstata considerando este órgão como normal. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar divididos em quatro grupos: Controle, animais não submetidos à irradiação (n=10); Irradiado, submetidos à irradiação abdominal e sem suplementação adicional de aminoácido por 21 dias (n=10); Irradiado + L-glutamina, submetidos à irradiação abdominal e com suplementação adicional de L-glutamina por 21 dias (n=10); e Irradiado + L-arginina, submetidos à irradiação abdominal e com suplementação adicional de L-arginina por 21 dias (n=9). Os grupos foram mantidos em condições padrão de laboratório durante todas as etapas do experimento. Os animais submetidos à irradiação abdominal receberam uma dose única de 1000 cGy no dia 8 da experimentação. A L-glutamina e a L-arginina foram dissolvidas em água destilada e administrada por gavagem através da agulha IC-810®. As próstatas foram removidas e processadas para inclusão em parafina. Foram estudados os seguintes parâmetros: estrutura acinar (área dos ácinos e altura do epitélio) e colágeno analisados por métodos morfométricos e peso corporal. O ganho de peso nos grupos suplementados foi significativamente maior se comparado ao grupo irradiado. Houve redução da altura do epitélio no grupo irradiado quando comparado ao controle. A altura do epitélio no grupo suplementado com L-arginina foi significativamente maior do que nos grupos irradiado e suplementado com L-glutamina. Houve diminuição, de aproximadamente 18%, da área dos ácinos no grupo suplementado com L-glutamina. Já no grupo suplementado com L-arginina o valor foi similar ao do controle. O efeito da L-glutamina...


The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effect of L-glutamine and L-arginine on the rat ventral prostate when administered by gavage. We tried to simulate the clinical conditions of patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy as with other pelvic organ target organ than the prostate. We analyzed the effects of irradiation on prostate considering this organ as normal. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control, animals not exposed to irradiation (n=10); Irradiated, submitted to abdominal irradiation and without additional amino acid supplementation (n=10); Irradiated + L-glutamine, submitted abdominal irradiation and additional supplementation with L-glutamine for 21 days (n=10), and Irradiated + L-arginine, underwent abdominal irradiation and additional supplementation with L-arginine for 21 days (n=9). The groups were kept under standard laboratory conditions during all stages of the experiment. The animals underwent abdominal irradiation received a single dose of 1000 cGy in eight days of trial. L-glutamine and L-arginine were dissolved in distilled water and administered by gavage needle through the IC-810®. The prostates were removed and processed for paraffin embedding. We studied the following parameters: acinar structure (area of acini and epithelial height) and collagen analyzed by morphometric methods and body weight. Weight gain in the supplemented groups was significantly higher compared to the irradiated group. There was a reduction in epithelial height in the irradiated group compared to control. The height of the epithelium in the group supplemented with L-arginine was significantly higher than in irradiated and supplemented with L-glutamine. There was a decrease of approximately 18% of the area of the lobes in the group supplemented with L-glutamine. In the group supplemented with L-arginine was similar to the value of control. The effect of L-glutamine on the prostatic parenchyma was to keep the collagen...


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Arginine/administration & dosage , Arginine/therapeutic use , Radiation Dosage , Glutamine/administration & dosage , Glutamine/therapeutic use , Prostate/anatomy & histology , Prostate , Prostate/radiation effects , Radiotherapy , Dietary Supplements , Administration, Oral , Stromal Cells , Rats, Wistar , Urogenital System , Urogenital System/radiation effects
16.
Clinics ; 65(6): 635-643, 2010.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-553975

ABSTRACT

Increased intestinal permeability is a likely cause of various pathologies, such as allergies and metabolic or even cardiovascular disturbances. Intestinal permeability is found in many severe clinical situations and in common disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome. In these conditions, substances that are normally unable to cross the epithelial barrier gain access to the systemic circulation. To illustrate the potential harmfulness of leaky gut, we present an argument based on examples linked to protein or lipid glycation induced by modern food processing. Increased intestinal permeability should be largely improved by dietary addition of compounds, such as glutamine or curcumin, which both have the mechanistic potential to inhibit the inflammation and oxidative stress linked to tight junction opening. This brief review aims to increase physician awareness of this common, albeit largely unrecognized, pathology, which may be easily prevented or improved by means of simple nutritional changes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diet/adverse effects , Dietary Supplements/adverse effects , Food Handling , Food Hypersensitivity/etiology , Gastrointestinal Motility/physiology , Intestinal Absorption/physiology , Curcumin/therapeutic use , Glutamine/therapeutic use , /adverse effects , /pharmacokinetics , Inflammation/metabolism , Metabolic Syndrome/etiology , Permeability
17.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2008. 46 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-556290

ABSTRACT

Objetivo - Avaliar os efeitos em curto prazo da radiação pélvica nos corpos cavernosos do pênis de ratos empregando técnicas morfológicas quantitativas e determinar se a L-glutamina (GLUT), a qual protege o tecido intestinal contra as lesões induzidas pela radiação, tem um efeito similar no pênis. Material e métodos - Grupos de ratos Wistar machos adultos receberam: (a) nenhum tratamento; (b) uma dose de radiação somente, e (c) irradiação e suplementação de glutamina na dieta. Todos os animais foram sacrificados sete dias após a irradiação. O terço médio do segmento proximal do pênis foi fixado em formalina tamponada e corado com Tricrômico de Masson para músculo liso e tecido conjuntivo e com Resorcina Fucsina de Weigert para evidenciar as fibras do sistema elástico. A quantificação das fibras musculares lisas e fibras do sistema elástico foi feita como densidade volumétrica (Vv) por meio do método estereológico. A disposição do colágeno foi avaliada pelo método de polarização com Picrosírius e as cores foram quantificadas por análise de imagens e expressas como proporção vermelho/verde. Resultados - Após a irradiação, a densidade volumétrica do músculo liso do corpo cavernoso aumentou 40,8% comparada com os controles (13.62 +- 2.96% vs 9.67 +- 2.52%; p < 0.05) e a suplementação com glutamina não reverteu este efeito. Todavia a Vv do tecido conjuntivo como um todo e das fibras elásticas no tecido cavernoso não sofreu modificações entre os grupos. Comparada com o controle, a relação vermelho/verde foi reduzida em 54,1% nos animais submetidos somente à irradiação (6.10 +- 2.69 vs 2.80 +- 1.27; p < 0.5). Novamente este efeito não foi prevenido pela suplementação com glutamina.


Data on the side effects of pelvic radiotherapy on penile tissue are mostly qualitative and long-term, and lack information on connective tissue. Here we have quantitated the short-term effects of radiation on the rat corpus cavernosum and investigated whether L-glutamine (GLUT), which protects intestinal tissue against radiation, has similar effects on the penis. Groups of adult Wistar rats received: (a) one dose of radiation; (b) radiation and GLUT supplementation; and (c) no radiation or GLUT, and were used as controls. All animals were sacrificed seven days after irradiation. Sections of the proximal penis were stained for smooth muscle, connective tissue, and elastic fibers, which were quantitated as volume fraction (Vv). Collagen organization was measured as a red/green ratio using the Picrosirius-polarization method. After radiation, smooth muscle Vv increased by 40.8% compared with controls (p<0.05), while Vv of connective tissue and elastic fibers were unchanged among the groups. The collagen red/green ratio decreased by 54.1% in irradiated animals (p<0.05). GLUT did not prevent all these changes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Glutamine/therapeutic use , Muscle, Smooth/radiation effects , Penis/radiation effects , Penis/injuries , Rats, Wistar , Connective Tissue/radiation effects
18.
Rev. med. (Säo Paulo) ; 86(4): 219-223, out.-dez. 2007. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-498944

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Este trabalho visa estabelecer a relação mais precisa do uso da glutamina na regeneração hepática. Métodos: Foram utilizados 37 ratos da linhagem Wistar, fêmeas, com idade de 120 dias e peso entre 345 ±80 gramas os quais foram divididos em um grupocontrole (C), com 17 animais, e um grupo de experimento (E), com 20 animais. Aproximadamente 70% do fígado foi cirurgicamente removido nos dois grupos. Administraram-se 50μg de glutamina/dia, via oral, diluído em 1 ml de água destilada, administrado por sondagem orogástrica diária no grupo de experimentação...


Objective: The aim of this work is to establish a precise relation between the use of glutamine and hepatic regeneration. Methods: 37 rats of the Wistar ancestry were used, females,with age of 120 days and weight between 345±80 grams, which were divided in a control group (C), with 17 animals, and an experimental group (E), with 20 animals. Approximately 70% of the liver was surgically removed in these two groups. 50 μg of utamine/day was managed, orally, diluted in 1 ml of distilled water, managed by daily gavage in the experimental group. In thecontrol group, distilled water was managed in equivalent volume. The contings were made in the periods of 24 hours and 7 days, by 3 methods: Formula of KWON et al to recognize volume gain, mitoses fi gures counting in 5 fi elds and PCNA positive nucleus percentage in 5 fields...


Subject(s)
Glutamine/therapeutic use , Hepatectomy , Liver Regeneration
19.
J Health Popul Nutr ; 2007 Sep; 25(3): 278-84
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-564

ABSTRACT

This study assessed whether an oral rehydration solution (ORS) in which glucose is replaced by L-glutamine (L-glutamine ORS) is more effective than the standard glucose-based rehydration solution recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO-ORS) in reducing the stool volume and time to rehydrate in acute diarrhoea. In a double-blind, randomized controlled trial in a Mexican hospital, 147 dehydrated children, aged 1-60 month(s), were assigned either to the WHO-ORS (74 children), or to the L-glutamine ORS (73 children) and followed until successful rehydration. There were no significant differences between the groups in stool output during the first four hours, time to successful rehydration, volume of ORS required for rehydration, urinary output, and vomiting. This was independent of rotavirus-associated infection. An L-glutamine-containing glucose-free ORS seems not to offer greater clinical benefit than the standard WHO-ORS in mildly-to-moderately-dehydrated children with acute non-cholera diarrhoea.


Subject(s)
Acute Disease , Bicarbonates , Child, Preschool , Diarrhea/therapy , Diarrhea, Infantile/therapy , Double-Blind Method , Female , Fluid Therapy/methods , Glucose/therapeutic use , Glutamine/therapeutic use , Humans , Infant , Male , Mexico , Osmolar Concentration , Potassium Chloride , Rehydration Solutions/chemistry , Sodium Chloride , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
20.
Indian J Pediatr ; 2006 Oct; 73(10): 913-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-80021

ABSTRACT

Intestinal failure (IF) occurs when the body is unable to sustain its energy and fluid requirements without support, due to loss of functional small bowel. Prolonged IF is seen after large intestinal resection and described as short bowel syndrome (SBS). The hallmark of the management is parental nutrition (PN), which is costly and may be associated with the well-recognized problems of parental nutrition associated liver disease (PNALD) and line related sepsis. Cessation of PN at the earliest possible stage is desirable but for this enteral autonomy has to be achieved first. Intestinal adaptation occurs when the remaining gut goes through morphological changes increasing its absorptive capacity. Factors such as intraluminal nutrients, gastrointestinal secretions and hormones facilitate adaptation. Enteral feeds are a potent stimulant to adaptation and should be started as soon as the clinical situation permits. Some drugs are thought to increase intestinal adaptation. These include glutamine, growth hormone and glucagon like peptide- 2, but there is a paucity of pediatric data to guide their use. In some cases surgical bowel lengthening procedures can be performed to increase the absorptive surface area. An isolated liver transplantation may be required if the liver has sustained irreversible damage but intestinal autonomy seems achievable. When prolonged PN is either unsustainable or associated with unacceptable side effects, small bowel transplantation should be considered as a treatment option.


Subject(s)
Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects , Enteral Nutrition , Glucagon-Like Peptide 2/therapeutic use , Glutamine/therapeutic use , Growth Hormone/therapeutic use , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Intestine, Small/microbiology , Parenteral Nutrition , Short Bowel Syndrome/therapy
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